Ulverston Town Council and other groups opposed both schemes.
Very few residents expressed support for the approved plan, while about 150 backed the rejected Sainsbury's.
The brewery application was passed by a narrow margin of seven votes to six.
The out-of-town site, off the A590 towards Swarthmoor (before you get to Hill Foot), was rejected because it was a piece of greenfield land earmarked for industry rather than retail.
A South Lakeland District Council report also suggested the Robinson's brewery development, which will become an as yet unnamed supermarket, would alleviate pressure for undesirable out-of-town supermarkets.
The building of a new supermarket has been a controversial scheme for locals – some in favour and some against, however Sainsbury's said it was disappointed with the decision and it would "take some time" to consider its next steps.
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